Apple chemie

1. Cool Roofs Cool roofs are specially designed to offer increased solar reflectance and decreased thermal emittance. In simplified terms, they reflect the sun’s rays in a more efficient manner to prevent warm or cool air from escaping through your roof. During the peak of summer, a typical roof can reach temperatures of over 150 degrees, using a cool roof, you can decrease that temperature by over 50 degrees. Even though the temperature of the roof is always a plus, the real advantage comes from inside. The cool roof improves interior temperatures that will save you money on AC bills and help the environment in the process.   2. Biodegradable Materials Construction emphasizes the new, so sometimes we forget about the flip side. To build, you usually have to destroy at first. The destruction of whatever you are planning to build on top of usually requires tearing something down and disposing of the leftover materials. Using biodegradable materials can completely change the d

What is the difference between a control joint and an expansion joint?  What is their purpose, and how are they formed? Control joints are typically used in concrete masonry to reduce the occurrence of shrinkage-related cracking. A control joint is a continuous vertical joint filled with mortar, but with a bond breaker on one side so that tensile stress cannot develop across the joint. If control joints are not provided, a concrete masonry wall may crack as it shrinks over time. Where control joints are provided in such a wall, they widen as the concrete masonry shrinks, preventing it from cracking. Control joints should be provided at regular intervals along the wall's length and near corners, returns and changes in the wall's height, support or stiffness. Control joints will not relieve masonry expansion. Although concrete masonry expands during warm weather, it generally expands less than it shrinks. Control joints are often constructed to transfer lateral loads acros

Conventional concrete, which can be considered to be an artificial rock, is not intrinsically waterproof. It absorbs water. The rate of absorption depends upon many factors, including the porosity of concrete. In addition, excessive contents of water-soluble alkalis in cement (as in the case of Indian cements of recent periods) can make concrete highly absorbent1-4. Today’s concrete structures, compared to concrete structures of earlier decades, also suffer from higher thermal and shrinkage stresses and the resulting cracks1-5. The result: water retaining structures, e.g., tunnels, subways, basements, etc. are characterized by water seepage and leakage unless such structures will be effectively waterproofed. In the case of tunnels and other water retaining structures, in addition to the seepage of water due to the development of thermal and shrinkage cracks or due to porosity in concrete, water leakages may also occur at expansion joints, construction joints, honeycomb areas, an

Mold release agents conduct the critical task of preventing the bonding of materials to a mold. They also perform a host of ancillary functions during the molding process, such as reducing production time, facilitating cleanup and lengthening the lifespan of the mold. While there are many different mold release formulations for a wide range of applications, two of the most commonly used types for industrial applications include solvent-based and water-based mold release agents. While there are many different mold release formulations for a wide range of applications, two of the most commonly used types for industrial applications include solvent-based and water-based mold release agents. Solvent-Based Mold Release Agents Solvent-based mold release agents are chemical materials that generally entail petroleum refinement to work with materials such as metals and polymers. Regarded as the “traditional” mold release agent type, solvent-based products consist of a relatively simp

A polished concrete system uses a concrete slab-on-grade as the finished floor surface. The concrete substrate is treated with a chemical densifier to increase hardness, polished with a series of diamond grit grinders and then treated with a sealant. There are many low-odor, nontoxic versions of densifiers and sealants, making polished concrete a sustainable flooring option, perfect for meeting green goals. ·          Aesthetics ­– Installing a polished concrete floor opens a vast number of color and design options with a variety of gloss levels as well. Colors can be mixed and matched to create custom designs unique to your operation. ·          Maintenance ­– Similar to epoxy floors, polished concrete is a low-maintenance option, requiring an occasional damp mopping. There is no need for additional coatings, reducing material and labor costs associated with maintenance for other floor systems. ·          Durability – Polished concrete is very resistant to high foot

Epoxy flooring is a thermosetting resin applied as a protective and decorative coating to a concrete substrate. Epoxy has many benefits to match a number of unique characteristics. ·          Aesthetics – Epoxy flooring can be applied in a range of stains and customizable color options in addition to a variety of gloss levels. Further design options include the addition of colored microchips and metallic finishes. ·          Maintenance – Since epoxy is a seamless flooring option, the substrate is protected from chemicals, dirt, liquids and other contaminates. This makes the floors easy to clean, requiring only a walk behind scrubber or standard mopping with a general-purpose cleaner – no waxing or buffing is necessary. Epoxy floors do not require much maintenance other than standard cleaning, making them a great long-term value option. ·          Durability – Workloads on epoxy floors can vary from foot traffic to truck and forklift traffic. This industrial floorin

The behaviour of concrete depends on several processes, i.e. Physical, Chemical and Biological. These processes bring changes in material composition and performance due to transport of water and dissolved deleterious agents within the concrete. Moisture and its transport within the pores and cracks of concrete control the physical and chemical processes that lead to structural deterioration. 1. Physical process Physical processes lead to gradual deterioration of concrete, and govern its long-term behaviour. Cracking: Concrete cracks whenever tensile strains exceed its tensile strain capacity. Cracks may occur in green concrete due to plastic shrinkage, settlement of forms and support movements. The hardened concrete cracks due to loading, drying shrinkage, chemical and thermal effects. The reason for crac-king of concrete are given in the table. Abrasion: The movements of person and traffic on concrete surfaces cause abrasive wear. Industrial floor and bridge de

  Crystalline waterproofing as a coating system can be brush-applied or sprayed. The crystalline waterproofing coating system has a unique chemical diffusion characteristic. Hence, for efficient results, workmanship, viz. surface preparation, surface saturation, dosage and curing, etc. is highly important. Concrete surfaces where crystalline waterproofing coating is to be carried out should have an open pore texture to allow the transfer of the crystalline additives from the surface coating into the concrete. The surface also needs to be clean and free of dirt, mould release oil, and other foreign matter as this can clog the pores and prevent the effective diffusion of the additives into the concrete. Surface preparation may be carried out by water jetting, sand blasting or acid etching. Sand blasting is normally required when steel formworks have been used and the concrete has smooth finish. Acid etching can be accomplished using either muriatic acid or citrus-based produ