FRAME STRUCTURE vs LOAD BEARING MASONRY WALLS
After
constructing the sump, the next step is to start the excavation for the
foundation. Before starting the foundation of your house, you must have decided
the construction system that you want to adopt.
There
are two methods of constructing houses, the load-bearing-wall system and the
column-beam-frame structure system. Both these systems have been explained here
with advantages and disadvantages:
Load bearing wall structure:
is one of the earliest forms of construction. Raising the house, wall over wall
and floor over floor, has been the most common method all over the world. In
this system, the load is supported and transferred to the foundation through
the masonry walls and there are no concrete structural elements, like columns
or beams to support the load. Therefore, the walls must be strong enough for
the purpose and are usually 9 inches or more in thickness.
Frame structure:
also known as column-beam structure has a combination of beams and columns
to support and transfer the load. The
roof load rests on the beams, the beams transfer the load to the columns, which in turn transfer
the load to the foundation. In this system, the masonry walls are not subjected
to any load and so, the interior layout is flexible and can be changed any
time. The walls can be thinner too, thus increasing the carpet area. Frame structures
are preferable to load bearing wall structure in the construction of large and
multi-storey buildings.
Both
the systems have their respective advantages and drawbacks, hence require a
judicious approach in deciding which system to go for. A simple criterion in
making a decision is to consider the location of the site. A frame structure is
inevitable where the soil is very loose, ground is water logged, land is
earthquake prone, masonry materials are difficult to get and light weight
construction is desired.
But
nowadays, irrespective of the site context we see most constructions including
houses being done with columns and beams. Even though the construction costs
have gone up, people want frame structures because they think, they are safer and
stronger. But this is not entirely true. Some of the myths on this matter have
been busted here.
Earthquake resistant:
Most people think that having many columns is a surefire bet against
earthquakes. For structural stability against earthquakes, column-beams are not
enough, other elements such as corner stiffeners, diagonal bracing and
horizontal ties must be incorporated after designing the structure. If such
issues are not adequately addressed, a framed building is bound to crack or
collapse as much as a walled building would in the event of a strong
earthquake.
Cost reduction due to thinner walls:
The additional costs of the concrete components nullify the masonry savings.
Moreover thin walls allow sound and water seepage and hence need to be
adequately water-proofed which adds to the cost. Additionally, walls and beams
in framed buildings require perfect alignment and proper junction between the
different materials, which means skilled work and hence more cost.
Speed of Construction:
The speed of construction is a factor in multi-storey buildings but is
inconsequential for houses, where time saved by erecting columns is negligible,
considering the time consumed in finishing the entire house.
Can add more floors:
Most houses do not exceed 3 floors and will not get permisssion for more
floors. A three storey building can be built using load-bearing walls. But
people erraneously believe or are made to believe by professionals and market
forces that a column-beam structure is necessary for stability in buildings
with more than one floor.
The
truth of the matter is that RCC frames cost money and consume resources, energy
and are not eco-friendly in comparison to masonry walls. So you must take a
decision based on the 'ground-reality' before
the start of the construction.
Once
you have decided the type of construction method that you want to adopt, then
the next step is to build the foundation.
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